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0551218

歪酷博客

Tansir @ 2008-08-01 10:01

P. V. Kurup1, 2, H. S. Randhawa1 and S. K. Mishra1

(1)  Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-7, India
(2)  Present address: College of Biological Sciences, Ohio State University Columbus, 1735 Neil Avenue, 43210, Ohio, USA

Accepted: 26 July 1967  

Summary  The use of paraffin bait technique in the isolation ofNocardia asteroides has been tested in 241 samples of sputa obtained from 235 cases of respiratory diseases.N. asteroides was recovered on 6 occasions from sputum of a patient using the paraffin bait technique. On the other hand cultures of sputa from the same patient on routine agar media such as Sabouraud's agar and Lowenstein Jensen medium yielded only one isolated of the pathogen.
This work forms a part of the Ph. D. thesis of P.V.K. submitted to the University of Delhi.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/l084525344686276/



 
Tansir @ 2008-07-30 13:41

最近训练开始加力量。最主要的创新是开始了拿砖跑,一手一只砖,跑一千步记录一个“正”。今天是训练第九天,惊讶的发现效果已经很明显了。继续努力,争取到一个月的时候效果更好一些。加油。





 
Tansir @ 2008-07-29 15:44

A PCR method to detect nocardia seriolae in fish samples

Yasuyuki miyoshi and satoru Suzuki(zt-1999@163.com

Centerformarine environmental studies CMES, Ehime university

Matsuyama 790-8577, japan

 

摘要:我们设计了PCR的方法来检测鰤鱼诺卡氏菌16S rRNA基因。PCR的目标是Escherichia coli编号#6091038序列,得到一段432bp的产物。这种方法可以诊断JCM3360菌株,以及从黄尾和日本比目鱼分离的八株菌株,但是另外的一些细菌,如5种其他的诺卡氏菌和四种其他的黄尾病原则无法检测到。PCR检测的极限是100CFU,一共有八条病鱼被用来检测。在所有的鱼当中都呈阳性反应。

 

Key word: nocardia seriolae, pcr, 16s RNA, seriola quinqueradiata

 

鱼类诺卡氏菌病首先在yellowtail鰤鱼和琥珀鱼中被发现。1967年在日本的Mie Prefecture Seriola  dumerili中发现。当时诺卡氏菌病引起的病害并不严重,但是现在,损失有所增加。这是一种重新浮现的疾病。造成疾病的是鰤鱼诺卡氏菌(1998kudo)。一种有分支的革兰氏阳性,抗酸的好氧放线菌。特点是表皮中出现囊中abscesses,在腮、肾、脾当中形成结节tubercles。因为这个结节形成了了一种对药物的障碍,所以化学药剂很难有效。所以快速检测就成为组织疾病泛滥的有效途径。标准的检测方法包括培养基挑选或者荧光抗体检测(FAT),但是鰤鱼诺卡氏菌需要四五天才能形成可见的菌落,而FAT则往往出现和其他细菌的交叉反映。所以我们需要建立一种及时有针对性的检测方法。

 

PCR检测目前在养殖鱼类中应用广泛了。1995chun and goodfellow和其他一些研究人员决定了包括鰤鱼诺卡氏菌在内的16S rRNA序列。这些方法对于设计特异性引物很有用。在本研究中,我们采用PCR的方法来检测病鱼和鰤鱼诺卡氏菌。

 

材料和方法:

 

菌株和生长条件:

标准菌株是JCM3360鰤鱼诺卡氏菌。八株诊断菌株是从黄尾和日本比目鱼上分离的。黄尾分离菌株标号为EY01-1,EY01-2,EY01-3,EY01-4,EY015,EY01-6,EY01-7,比目鱼分离标号为KF01-1。使用五种诺卡氏菌。另外有若干其他细菌(……)。采用日本生产的小川25度培养四天或者十天。……。所有培养产物均放在四度冰箱内存放,直到进行DNA抽提。

 

从细菌中进行DNA抽提

1,  诺卡氏菌和分支杆菌的一个单菌落悬浮于500微升超纯水中,包含150微升InstaGene Matrix(Bio-Rad laboratories, USA)

2,  将混合物震荡两分钟。

3,  100度加热三十分钟。

4,  9000g离心八分钟。

5,  将上清使用超纯水稀释五十倍,取5微升稀释液进行PCR分析。

6,  对于革兰氏阴性菌,一环的菌落稀释在(0.15M NaCl0.1M EDTA0.5mg/ml RNase A, 0.5% SDS),然后65度孵育5分钟。

7,  对于革兰氏阳性菌,一环的菌落溶解在100微升溶解液中(50微升/ml)。然后室温下孵育15分钟,然后加入分离液isolation solution

8,  DNA的纯化,通过包含TE缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCL ph8.0, 1mM EDTA)。 TE-saturated phenol: chloroform: iso-amylalcohol(25.24:1)PCIsolution and then chloroform.

9,  DNA通过酒精沉淀

10,              然后使用70%酒精洗

11,              干燥,然后溶解到50微升TEPhenol

 

引物设计和PCR反应

16S rRNAPCR的目的。上游引物NS1是专为鰤鱼诺卡氏菌设计的,,NG1是反向引物,是根据2000laurent的报道设计的诺卡氏菌种的专用引物。

NS1: 5’-ACTCACAGCTCAACTGTGG-3’(tm 56.1°CE.coli #609-627)

NG1:5’-ACCGACCACAAGGGGG-3’   (Tm 54.0°CE.coli # 1023-1038)

The NS1 was based on the 16 S rDNA sequences of 17 Nocardia spp from the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database(Table 1) GENETIX-WIN(Version 5.1.1 sofeware development Co, ltd, Japan) software was used for genetic analysisi. NS1 was determined based on the matching of Tm to NG1 and the specific sequence for N.seriolae.

NS11-NG1之间对应的是E.coli#609-1038之间的432bp的一段序列。

PCR反应条件

150微升反应体系,PCR buffer(1mM Tris-Hcl(ph8.3),5mM KCl and 0.15mM MgCl2), 0.2mM dNTP mixture, 0.25微摩尔引物,25 U Ex-Taq poly-merase(TaKaRa, Japan)

2denaturation

      

     

PCR检测的检测限度

使用50毫升聚丙烯管,将一环的诺卡氏菌JCM3360溶解于30mlBHI液体培养基。为了避免细胞集中,使用503毫米直径的玻璃珠在摇床上摇动,254天。然后3500g离心20分钟。然后将沉淀溶解在PBS中,洗两次。最后重新溶解在20ml PBS当中。准备连续10倍的稀释,然后取每种稀释使用BHI培养基在25°C培养四天来确定每种稀释的可见细胞数量。另外一毫升的溶液用来抽提DNA。最大的PCR阳性反应稀释倍数就被认定为检测极限。

 

检测鰤鱼诺卡氏菌的临床样本

八株患诺卡氏菌或者细菌性溶血性贫血的黄尾样本被用来检测。样品是在2001年十月从从Ehime prefecture,或者是200211Qita辖区采集的。DNA从各种组织中(脑,腮,心,肝,肾,脾,肌肉)中取得,肠道内容物和皮肤粘膜的采集方法采取2001Qasem的方法,并进行轻微调整

1100mg样品粉末状分布于500微升的PBS中。

2,取其中100微升使用1微升的蛋白酶K10mg/ml)在65度处理一小时。

3,然后加入900微升包含0.05% tween80PBS缓冲液。

4,将混合物14000g离心10分钟。

5,将上清倒掉。

6,然后将含有DNA的沉淀溶解于100微升TES

   TES配方:5微升20%SDS2微升蛋白酶K50mM Tris-HCl(ph8.0)5mM EDTA, 50mM NaCl

765度孵育一小时。

8,然后使用等体积PCI将抽提的DNA连续分离两次。

9DNA的沉淀采用两倍体积的纯酒精在-20°C冰箱中过夜沉淀。

10,使用70%酒精洗。

11,干燥后将DNA溶解在40微升超纯水中。取3微升进行PCR

12,各种器官都采用同样方法。

 

结果和讨论

 

 

 




 
Tansir @ 2008-07-29 12:49







在床边贴一张纸,有日期,然后在日期后是用黑色记号笔写得一个个“正”字。刚开始的时候,每一画就代表十个床沿俯卧撑。

后来又发展出了一些其他的运动方式,都折合成俯卧撑,记在健身记录本上。具体换算方式如下:

1,床沿俯卧撑          10个一画
2,床第引体向上        10个一画
3,床沿前滑撑           10个一画
4,拉力器(三根弹簧)    10个一画
5,仰卧起坐             20个一画
6,蹲下起立            30个一画
7,屈臂扩胸运动         50个一画
8,直臂扩胸运动        50个一画
9,扭腰转              100个一画
10,侧身摸膝盖          100个一画
11,鞠躬运动             100个一画
12,双臂大转盘           150个一画

今天已经相当于五百个俯卧撑当量了。胸部大了不少,腰也细了,加油。另外,我已经完全适应广东化饮食了,拒绝面食,从另外一个方面减少碳水化合物摄入量,继续努力吧。




 
Tansir @ 2008-07-27 22:59

Genetic and phenotypic comparison of Nocardia seriolae isolated from fish in Japan
Y Shimahara 1 , A Nakamura 2 , R Nomoto 1 , T Itami 3 , S-C Chen 4 and T Yoshida 3
  1 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
  2 Miyazaki Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Miyazaki, Japan
  3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
  4 Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
Correspondence to T Yoshida, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
(e-mail: t-yosh@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp)
Copyright Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
KEYWORDS
biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis • epidemiology • fish pathogen • α-glucosidase • Japan • Nocardia seriolae

ABSTRACT

The phenotypic and genetic characterizations of 58 isolates of the fish pathogen Nocardia seriolae, from amberjack, Seriolae dumerili, yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, in Japan from 1970–2005, were examined to investigate the epidemiological relationship between isolates. The phenotypic and genetic characterizations were determined by α-glucosidase activity and biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) analysis, respectively. There was no α-glucosidase activity in strains isolated from 2000–05 (= 50) with a few exceptions (= 3), while all strains isolated from 1970–90 (= 8) were positive. In BSFGE analysis, digestions with restriction enzymes Xba I and Ase I produced 15 and 16 restriction patterns, respectively. All restriction patterns obtained from 50 strains isolated during 2000–05 were unrelated to those obtained from eight strains isolated during 1970–90, with the exception of two strains isolated during recent outbreaks. Based on the phenotypic and genetic characterizations, recent outbreaks of nocardiosis in Japan are suggested to be epidemiologically unrelated to earlier outbreaks in Japan. Although a low genetic relationship was observed in the restriction pattern between recent and earlier isolates, identity was confirmed between these groups of isolates because five representative strains showed 99.9% homology with N. seriolae ATCC43993T in the 16S rRNA sequence.


Received: 20 November 2006 Revision received: 1 July 2007 Accepted: 1 August 2007

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00920.x About DOI



 
Tansir @ 2008-07-27 22:56

Journal of Applied Microbiology

Volume 100 Issue 6, Pages 1381 - 1387

Published Online: 21 Apr 2006

Journal compilation © 2008 The Society for Applied Microbiology
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118566787/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 

Detection of fish nocardiosis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification
T. Itano 1 , H. Kawakami 1 , T. Kono 2 and M. Sakai 2
  1 Ehime Prefectural Fish Disease Control Center, Sakashizu, Uwajima, Ehime, Japan
  2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
Correspondence to M. Sakai, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
E-mail: m.sakai@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
Copyright 2006 The Authors Journal compilation 2006 The Society for Applied Microbiology
KEYWORDS
fish pathogen • loop-mediated isothermal amplification • nocardiosis • polymerase chain reaction • yellowtail

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References

Aims: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel method that amplifies DNA with high specificity and rapidity under isothermal conditions. In this study, using the LAMP method, a protocol for detecting Nocardia seriolae which is a causative agent of fish nocardiosis, was designed.

Methods and Results: A set of four primers, two inner and two outer, were designed based on the sequence of the 16S–23S ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer region of N. seriolae. Time and temperature conditions for detection of N. seriolae were optimized for 60 min at 65°C. Other fish pathogen was not amplified by this LAMP system. The detection of N. seriola using LAMP was found to be more sensitive than that by polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions: LAMP is a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic procedure for detection of N. seriolae.

Significance and Impact of the Study: LAMP is a useful diagnostic method for fish nocardiosis.


2005/0246: received 8 March 2005, revised 20 April 2005 and accepted 8 May 2005

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02872.x About DOI